Ref HAL: hal-03080457_v1
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Water transport in plant roots is of vital importance: it is a necessary transport to feed the rest of the organism in most vascular plants. To reach the xylem vessels, which ensure the long-distance transport to the aerial parts of the plant, water has first to flow across the root tissues surrounding the xylem. This flow, denoted to as radial transport, is not easily amenable to the experimentation, and has been studied mostly by measurements at a larger scale, and by models that poorly take into account cells and roots geometries. We adopted a continuous description of stationary root radial water transport to investigate how the geometry and the permeability contrasts between root compartments affect the transport of water. We experimentally modeled the root radial section as a two-dimensional and composite porous material with variable water permeabilities. It mimics the most salient water transport features of the root anatomy and allows a direct isualization of the water pathways. We also present 2D continuous numerical simulations of the water flow, in which we systematically varied the permeabilities of the different tissues. Our approach provides the physical premises to explain preferential sub-cellular radial routes from one cell to another and look for the subcellular pattern of structures or molecules involved in water transport.

Ref HAL: hal-02863987_v1
Ref Arxiv: 2006.06203
DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00639
WoS: 000551497000010
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8 Citations
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This paper presents investigations on the generalized laws of refraction and reflection for metasurfaces made of diffractive elements. It introduces a phenomenological model that reproduces all the features of the experiments dedicated to the generalized Snell-Descartes laws. Our main finding is that the generalized laws of refrac-tion and reflection as previously stated have to be modified in order to describe the propagation of light through metasurfaces made of diffractive elements. We provide the appropriate laws that take a different form depending on the properties of the metasurface. Our models apply to both periodic and non-periodic metasurfaces. We show that the generalized law of refraction strictly exists only for linear-phase profiles and sawtooth-wave phase profiles under constraints that we specify. It can be approximatively defined for non-linear phase profiles. This document includes the article as the part I and the supporting informations as the part II.

Ref HAL: hal-02423733_v1
Ref Arxiv: 1912.06958
Ref INSPIRE: 1770954
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.101.103501
WoS: 000529824500006
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We analyze the global behavior of the growth index of cosmic inhomogeneities in an isotropic homogeneous universe filled by cold nonrelativistic matter and dark energy (DE) with an arbitrary equation of state. Using a dynamical system approach, we find the critical points of the system. That unique trajectory for which the growth index γ is finite from the asymptotic past to the asymptotic future is identified as the so-called heteroclinic orbit connecting the critical points (Ωm=0,γ∞) in the future and (Ωm=1,γ-∞) in the past. The first is an attractor while the second is a saddle point, confirming our earlier results. Further, in the case when a fraction of matter (or DE tracking matter) ϵΩmtot remains unclustered, we find that the limit of the growth index in the past γ-∞ϵ does not depend on the equation of state of DE, in sharp contrast with the case ϵ=0 (for which γ-∞ is obtained). We show indeed that there is a mathematical discontinuity: one cannot obtain γ-∞ by taking limϵ→0γ-∞ϵ (i.e., the limits ϵ→0 and Ωmtot→1 do not commute). We recover in our analysis that the value γ-∞ϵ corresponds to tracking DE in the asymptotic past with constant γ=γ-∞ϵ found earlier.

Ref HAL: hal-02302374_v1
DOI: 10.1002/andp.201800486
WoS: WOS:000471714300003
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The screened Coulomb potential plays a crucial role in the binding energies of excitons in a thin dielectric slab. The asymptotic behavior of this potential is studied when the thickness of the slab is very small as compared to the exciton Bohr radius. A regularized expression is given and the exact effective 2D potential is derived. These expressions may be useful for the computation of the exciton binding energy in 2D or quasi‐2D materials.

Ref HAL: hal-02266321_v1
Ref Arxiv: 1908.00117
Ref INSPIRE: 1747566
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.083503
WoS: 000488510300002
Ref. & Cit.: NASA ADS
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1 Citation
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We perform here a global analysis of the growth index γ behavior from deep in the matter era till the far future. For a given cosmological model in general relativity (GR) or in modified gravity, the value of γ(Ωm) is unique when the decaying mode of scalar perturbations is negligible. However, γ∞, the value of γ in the asymptotic future, is unique even in the presence of a non-negligible decaying mode today. Moreover, γ becomes arbitrarily large deep in the matter era. Only in the limit of a vanishing decaying mode do we get a finite γ, from the past to the future in this case. We find further a condition for γ(Ωm) to be monotonically decreasing (or increasing). This condition can be violated inside GR for varying wDE though generically γ(Ωm) will be monotonically decreasing (like ΛCDM), except in the far future and past. A bump or a dip in Geff can also lead to a significant and rapid change in the slope dγdΩm. On a ΛCDM background, a γ substantially lower (higher) than 0.55 with a negative (positive) slope reflects the opposite evolution of Geff. In Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) models, γ(Ωm) is monotonically increasing except in the far future. While DGP gravity becomes weaker than GR in the future and wDGP→-1, we still get γ∞DGP=γ∞ΛCDM=23. In contrast, despite GeffDGP→G in the past, γ does not tend to its value in GR because dGeffDGPdΩm|-∞≠0.

Ref HAL: hal-02019418_v1
DOI: 10.1117/12.2320277
WoS: WOS:000451765300010
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Metasurfaces have been used for light manipulation and control, from the point of view of planar optics or polarization control, or non-linear light extraction. The properties of metasurfaces is rooted in the presence of resonant basic elements which are responsible for strongly confined electromagnetic surface modes. We propose to use these modes to enhance light-matter interaction in the vicinity of the surface by considering hybrid structure made of a thin layer, such as a 2D quantum material or a thin film with embedded quantum dots. A semi-classical theory will be proposed along with some functionalities attainable with the device.

Ref HAL: hal-01760460_v2
Ref Arxiv: 1804.07472
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This note is a reply to the paper (arXiv:1801.0559v2): " The gauge-invariant Lagrangian, the Power-Zienau-Woolley picture, and the choices of field momenta in nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics" by G. Kónya, et al.See also our first reply (arXiv:1804.07472v1) in response to their initial comment "The equivalence of the Power-Zineau-Woolley picture and the Poincaré gauge from the very first principles " ( arXiv:1801.05590v1) ————————————– In a recent paper, we have shown that the Power-Zienau-Woolley Hamiltonian does not derived from the minimal-coupling hamiltonian with the help of a gauge transformation. This result has been challenged by G. Kónya and al. They first claim an error [arXiv:1801.05590v1] followed by a subsequent allegation that the Power-Zienau-Woolley hamiltonian can be derived starting from the electromagnetic action.We do not share their conclusions and show in two back-to-back replies [arXiv:1804.07472v1 followed by this note] that their successive statements are not correct.