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Le confinement de microparticules dans un film mince de fluide isotrope est généralement accompagné d’une déformation des interfaces qui donne naissance à de fortes interactions capillaires entre colloïdes, de nature attractive dans la plupart des cas [1]. La situation devient différente lorsqu’il s’agit d’un film mince de fluide complexe à l’exemple d’un cristal liquide nématique. Nous avons dans un premier temps étudié et compris le comportement surprenant des particules colloïdales individuelles piégés dans un film nématique mince étalé sur un liquide isotrope [2,3].
Nous avons poursuivi l’étude du couplage capillarité/élasticité qui donne naissance à une grande richesse de phénomènes colloïdaux. A l’aide d’approches numériques (éléments finis) et d’une modélisation simplifiée de l’élasticité dans un film nématique hybride nous avons calculé les déformations et textures attendues pour des particules anisotropes, ainsi que déterminé les interactions de paires en fonction de la distance. Le calcul des positions d’équilibre mécaniques entre deux particules confinées et les observations expérimentales sont en très bon accord, ce qui valide la démarche utilisée.
[1] P. A. Kralchevsky and K. Nagayama, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 85, 145 (2000).
[2] H. Jeridi, M. A. Gharbi, T. Othman, and C. Blanc, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112, 14771 (2015).
[3] H. Jeridi, M. Tasinkevych, T. Othman, and C. Blanc, Langmuir 32, 9097 (2016).

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DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02970e
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N.A.

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Block copolymer assemblies are fascinating objects that have been studied for years. In this work, the PS-PNaSS-PS ABA triblock copolymer was synthesized by RAFT polymerization and self-assembled in a selective medium (THF/water). Various morphologies of aggregates were identified (spheres, cylinders, and vesicles) but we focused on large compound vesicles which gave birth to porous materials after solvent evaporation. The change in solvent composition upon drying was modeled and correlated to the change in morphology observed using microscopy techniques such as AFM, TEM and cryo-TEM. The large compound vesicles were found to partially fuse to form a bulk material before the vesicular compartments were opened to yield pores of about 30 nm.

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Gene therapy is based on nucleic acid delivery to pathogenic cells in order to modulate their gene expression. The most used non viral vectors are lipid-based nanoaggregates, which are safer than viral carriers and have been shown to assemble easily with both DNA and RNA. However, the transfection efficiency of non viral carriers still needs to be improved before intensive practise in clinical trials can be implemented. For this purpose the in depth characterization of the complexes formed by nucleic acids and their transporters is of great relevance. In particular, information on the structure and assembly mechanism can be useful to improve our general knowledge of the se artificial transfection agents. In this paper the complexation mechanism of short interfering RNA and DNA molecules (siRNA and siDNA, respectively) with cationic micelles are investigated by combining Small Angle X-Ray Scattering experiments and Molecular Dynamics simulations. Micelles were obtained by Gemini surfactants with different spacer length (12-3-12, 12-6-12). The siRNA and siDNA used were double strand molecules characterized by the same length and homologous sequence, in order to perform close comparison. We showed that complexes appear in solution immediately after mixing and, therefore, the investigation of complex formation requires fast experimental techniques, such as stopped-flow synchrotron SAXS. The obtained systems had internal arrangement constituted by layers of squeezed micelles alternating the nucleic acids. Both SAXS and MD analysis allowed to evaluate the mean size of complexes in the range of few nanometers, with looser and less ordered stacking for the DNA containing aggregates.

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We show that the properties of thin conductive inkjet printed lines of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) can be greatly tuned, using only a few deposition parameters. The morphology, anisotropy and electrical resistivity of single-stroke printed lines are studied as a function of ink concentration and drop density. An original method based on coupled profilometry-Raman measurements is developed to determine the height, mass, orientational order and density profiles of SWCNT across the printed lines with a micrometric lateral resolution. Height profiles can be tuned from 'rail tracks' (twin parallel lines) to layers of homogeneous thickness by controlling nanotube concentration and drop density. In all samples, the nanotubes are strongly oriented parallel to the line axis at the edges of the lines, and the orientational order decreases continuously towards the center of the lines. The resistivity of 'rail tracks' is significantly larger than that of homogeneous deposits, likely because of large amounts of electrical dead-ends.

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The interfacial tension between immiscible fluids is responsible for a wealth of every-day phenomena, from the spherical shape of small drops and bubbles to the ability to walk on water of many insects.More than a century ago, physicist and mathematician D. Korteweg postulated the existence of an effective interface tension for miscible fluids, whenever a composition gradient exists, as encountered, e.g., in many flow geometries. In this mini-review, we discuss experimental work performed in the last decades that demonstrates the existence of a positive effective interface tension in a variety of systems, from molecular, near-critical liquids to complex fluids such as polymer solutions and colloidal suspensions. The various experimental strategies that have been deployed are discussed, together with their advantages and limitations. Finally, some of the key theoretical questions still open are outlined.

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Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography (UOT) is a technique that images optical contrast deep inside scattering media. Heterodyne holography is a promising tool able to detect the UOT tagged photons with high efficiency. In this work, we describe theoretically the detection of the tagged photon in heterodyne holography based UOT, show how to filter the untagged photon, and discuss the effect of shot noise. The discussion considers also speckle decorrelation. We show that optimal detection sensitivity can be reached, if the frame exposure time of the camera used to perform the holographic detection is of the order of the decorrelation time.