Sommaire:

The paper reviews experimental and theoretical studies on polarized terahertz radiation-induced photocurrents in graphene and graphene-based 2D materials. We consider the optoelectrical phenomena excited by THz radiation in graphene and twisted graphene and present the state of the art in this field, including both recent advances and well-established results, see e.g. [1-7]. Different physical mechanisms of the THz radiation excited dc currents proportional to the second powers of the radiation electric field are presented, including phenomenological description based on symmetry arguments, models visualizing the physics of nonlinear responses, and microscopic theory of several phenomena. The following effects yielding a dc current proportional to the square of the irradiation electric field are discussed: high-frequency Hall effect at zero magnetic field, edge photogalvanic effects, ratchet effects in graphene with lateral superlattices, cyclotron resonance (CR) assisted dc currents, terahertz induced magnetooscillations coupled to the CR harmonics, Bernstein modes, as well as multiple oscillations upon variation of the gate voltage in twisted bilayer graphene near the second magic angle. We show that nonlinear transport opens up new possibilities for probing Dirac electrons.

[1] S.D. Ganichev et al, Annalen der Physik 529, 1600406 (2017)
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[3] M. Otteneder et al, Nano Lett. 20, 7152 (2020)
[4] E. Mönch et al, Nano Lett. 20, 5943 (2020)
[5] D. A. Bandurin et al, Nature Physics 18, 462 (2022)
[6] S. Candussio et al, Phys. Rev. B 103, 125408 (2021)
[7] E. Mönch et al, Phys. Rev. B 107, 115408 (2023)

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