Sommaire:

The interaction between the electromagnetic radiation and an optical active material give rise to new eigenstates of the coupled system called exciton-polaritons. Such regime of light-matter interaction is called “strong coupling”, indicating a non-perturbative change of the energy dispersion of the coupled modes with respect to the bare ones. The unique features arising from the double nature of these quasi-particles has allowed the study of quantum fluids dynamics in solid state structures, and offer interesting possibilities for their implementation in optical devices. After reviewing their main properties in the strong coupling regime, the observation of exciton-polaritons in the ultra-strong coupling regime, where the interaction strength is brought above a considerable fraction of the exciton transition energy, will be presented and discussed.

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