DOI: 10.1088/2058-9565/ad3f42
Résumé:

Time-translation symmetry breaking is a mechanism for the emergence of non-stationary many-body phases, so-called time-crystals, in Markovian open quantum systems. Dynamical aspects of time-crystals have been extensively explored over the recent years. However, much less is known about their thermodynamic properties, also due to the intrinsic nonequilibrium nature of these phases. Here, we consider the paradigmatic boundary time-crystal system, in a finite-temperature environment, and demonstrate the persistence of the time-crystalline phase at any temperature. Furthermore, we analyze thermodynamic aspects of the model investigating, in particular, heat currents, power exchange and irreversible entropy production. Our work sheds light on the thermodynamic cost of sustaining nonequilibrium time-crystalline phases and provides a framework for characterizing time-crystals as possible resources for, e.g. quantum sensing. Our results may be verified in experiments, for example with trapped ions or superconducting circuits, since we connect thermodynamic quantities with mean value and covariance of collective (magnetization) operators.

Résumé:

We will present a theoretical study of the interaction between an atom characterized by a degenerate ground state and a reciprocal environment, such as a semiconductor nanoparticle, without the presence of external bias. We show that the combined influence of the electron's intrinsic spin magnetic moment on the environment and the chiral atomic dipolar transitions may lead to either the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry or the emergence of time-crystal-like states with remarkably long relaxation times. The different behavior is ruled by the handedness of the precession motion of the atom's spin vector, which is induced by virtual chiral-dipolar transitions. Specifically, when the relative orientation of the precession angular velocity and the electron spin vector is as in a spinning top, the system manifests time-crystal-like states. Conversely, with the opposite relative orientation, the system experiences spontaneous symmetry breaking of time reversal symmetry. Our findings introduce a mechanism for the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in atomic systems, and unveil an exciting opportunity to engineer a nonreciprocal response at the nanoscale, exclusively driven by the quantum vacuum fluctuations.

Ref HAL: hal-04523215_v1
Ref Arxiv: 2403.02279
Ref INSPIRE: 2765291
Ref. & Cit.: NASA ADS
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Résumé:

We compare three available models of graphene conductivity: a non-local Kubo model, a local model derived by Fialkovsky, and finally a non-local Quantum Field Theory based (QFT-b) model. The first two models are extensively used in the nanophotonic community. All these models are not ab-initio since they contain phenomenological parameters (like chemical potential and/or mass gap parameters), and are supposed to provide coherent results since they are derived from the same starting Hamiltonian. While we confirm that the local model is a proper limit of the non-local Kubo model, we find some inconsistencies in the QFT-b model as derived and used in literature. In particular, differently from the Kubo model, the QFT-b model does not satisfy the required Gauge invariance, and as a consequence it shows a plasma-like behavior for the interband transversal conductivity at low frequencies instead of the expected behavior (an almost constant conductivity as a function of frequency $\omega$ with a gap for frequencies $\hbar\omega < \sqrt{(\hbar v_{F}q)^{2} + 4m^{2}}$). The inconsistencies of QFT-b model predictions are due to a non-correct regularization-scheme which allows for the gauge invariance violation. We show how to correctly regularize the QFT-b model in order to satisfy the gauge invariance and, once also losses are correctly included, we show that the Kubo and QFT-b model exactly coincide. Our finding can be of relevant interest for both theory predictions and experimental tests in both the nanophotonic and Casimir effect communities.

DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2f1c
Résumé:

We consider the system of two parallel sheets of graphene which are moving with relative parallel velocity $\vec{v}$ and calculate the Casimir energy by using the scattering approach. We analyze in detail the normal (perpendicular to the planes) Casimir force for two systems—graphene/graphene and ideal metal/graphene. In the non-relativistic case v ≪ vF, the relative correction to the Casimir energy $({{ \mathcal E }}_{v}-{{ \mathcal E }}_{0})/{{ \mathcal E }}_{0}$ is proportional to the (v/c)2 (the maximum value is 0.0033 for the gapeless case and v = vF) for the first system, and it is zero up to the Fermi velocity v = vF for system ideal metal/graphene.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.109.125105
Résumé:

Based on a tight-binding model for the electron system, we investigate the transfer of energy, momentum, and angular momentum mediated by electromagnetic fields among buckminsterfullerene ( C 60 ) and graphene nanostrips. Our nonequilibrium Green's function approach enables calculations away from local thermal equilibrium where the fluctuation-dissipation theorem breaks down. For example, the forces between C 60 and current-carrying nanostrips are predicted. It is found that the presence of current enhances the van der Waals attractive forces. For two current-carrying graphene strips rotated at some angle, the fluctuational force and torque are much stronger at the nanoscale compared to that of the static Biot-Savart law.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.21.024054
Résumé:

The near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) between one-dimensional metamaterials comprised of phonon dielectric multilayers was investigated experimentally. Large-size (1 × 1 cm 2 ) near-field samples were fabricated using Si C , Si O 2 , and Ge layers at a certain gap distance, and the effects of layer-stacking order and phonon-resonance quality on NFRHT were examined. The measured results show good agreement with the theoretical results obtained by employing the transmission-matrix method. Super-Planckian thermal radiation was observed between emitters and receivers with identical structures. The failure of effective-medium theory (EMT) at predicting the near-field heat flux has been evidenced by measurements, particularly in the presence of bounded surface modes, such as the epsilon-near-zero mode. Additionally, analyses have shown that, in specific scenarios, the EMT can offer reasonable physical insights into the underlying coupling process from the perspective of homogenized media. Furthermore, the conditions for applying the EMT in the near-field regime were also touched upon.

DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ad18f6
Résumé:

In recent years, the excitation of surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) in van der Waals materials received wide attention from the nanophotonics community. Alpha-phase Molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3), a naturally occurring biaxial hyperbolic crystal, emerged as a promising polaritonic material due to its ability to support SPhPs for three orthogonal directions at different wavelength bands (range 10–20 μm). Here, we report on the fabrication, structural, morphological, and optical IR characterization of large-area (over 1 cm2 size) α-MoO3 polycrystalline film deposited on fused silica substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Due to the random grain distribution, the thin film does not display any optical anisotropy at normal incidence. However, the proposed fabrication method allows us to achieve a single α-phase, preserving the typical strong dispersion related to the phononic response of α-MoO3 flakes. Remarkable spectral properties of interest for IR photonics applications are reported. For instance, a polarization-tunable reflection peak at 1006 cm−1 with a dynamic range of ΔR = 0.3 and a resonance Q-factor as high as 53 is observed at 45° angle of incidence. Additionally, we report the fulfillment of an impedance matching condition with the SiO2 substrate leading to a polarization-independent almost perfect absorption condition (R < 0.01) at 972 cm−1 which is maintained for a broad angle of incidence. In this framework our findings appear extremely promising for the further development of mid-IR lithography-free, scalable films, for efficient and large-scale sensors, filters, thermal emitters, and label-free biochemical sensing devices operating in the free space, using far-field detection setups.