Despite being by far among the most widespread interface on Earth, with a pervasive presence in environment, biology, industry and daily life, physical phenomena at Air-Water Interface (AWI) are still largely elusive. This fact is related to the complexity of AWI with its peculiar electrostatic and flow boundary conditions. In this paper, we present a study of the dynamics and interactions of charged microparticles diffusing at submicrometric distances from an AWI. An interferometric set-up mounted on a microscope gives access to an highly resolved trajectory of the colloid (5-10 nm). Contrary to other established techniques (like TIRM and holography) our technique has the great advantage of allowing the measure of the absolute particle-interface distance. In order to control the electrostatic we use different concentration of salt and different pH in association with pH dependent charged microparticles.Surprisingly new equilibrium distances from the AWI are measured not accounted by established theories. In addition different drags corresponding to different boundaries conditions are found for same combination of particle and AWI depending on the particle’s motion direction namely perpendicular or parallel to the AWI.

Much recent attention has been devoted towards unraveling the microscopic optoelectronic properties of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Here we investigate by coherent inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy and Brillouin light scattering, low frequency acoustic phonons in four different hybrid perovskite single crystals: MAPbBr_{3}, FAPbBr_{3}, MAPbI_{3}, and α-FAPbI_{3} (MA: methylammonium, FA: formamidinium). We report a complete set of elastic constants characterized by a very soft shear modulus C_{44}. Further, a tendency towards an incipient ferroelastic transition is observed in FAPbBr_{3}. We observe a systematic lower sound group velocity in the technologically important iodide-based compounds compared to the bromide-based ones. The findings suggest that low thermal conductivity and hot phonon bottleneck phenomena are expected to be enhanced by low elastic stiffness, particularly in the case of the ultrasoft α-FAPbI_{3}.

The confinement of colloidal particles in thin liquid films is typically accompanied with interfacial deformations which give rise to long-range capillary forces, attractive in most of the cases [1]. In simple fluids, these long-range capillary forces compete mostly with the isotropic electrostatic interactions. In nematic[2] or smectic[3] liquid crystal free films, other long-range anisotropic interactions related to bulk distortions of the surrounding fluid appear and new equilibrium positions or the possibility of forming new types of 2D colloidal assemblies appear via original elasto-capillarity couplings.In a previous work [4], using spatially resolved retardation and easy-axis maps, we have analysed quantitatively the 2D interfaces deformation and the nematic textures observed around isolated particles (see Fig.1) embedded in thin nematic films with hybrid anchoring conditions. Using numerical methods, we have explained quantitatively the different textures and the formation of topological defects. Contrary to what is classically observed in aligned nematic cells, the equilibrium patterns (such as the elastic dipole) due to a microsphere can be much larger than the particle size (as shown in Fig.1). Here we have focused on the overall colloidal interactions and the equilibrium positions between spherical or anisotropic particles. We have experimentally characterized the equilibrium configuration of isolated colloidal pairs. Using a 2D model of the nematic elasticity and finite element approaches, we have also numerically characterized the pair interaction and explained the textures observed. These new spontaneous organizations in thin nematic films offer new ways to self-assemble complex colloidal systems in 2D.References[1] P.A. Kralchevsky, K. Nagayama, Adv Colloid Interface Sci , 85, 145 (2000).[2] H.Jeridi, M.A.Gharbi, T.Othman, Ch.Blanc, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 112, 14771(2015).[3] M.A.Gharbi et al., Langmuir, 34, 2006 (2018).[4] H. Jeridi, M. Tasinkevych, T. Othman, and Ch. Blanc, Langmuir, 32, 9097 (2016).