Since the introduction of hybrid van der Waals heterostructures (h-vdWHs) for device architecture development, many vertically staked organic two-dimensional materials have been investigated in order to control transport properties. This article introduces a novel h-vdWH that achieves periodicinteraction by the development of a superlattice. We describe a complete investigation of the diphenyl-functionalized p-benzoquinonemonoimine zwitterion on highly oriented pyrolytic graphiteand monolayer graphene using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images and numerical simulations. The molecular phase on both substrates exhibits a structurally identical antiparallel dipole alignment in a head-to-tail dimer configuration. Density functional theory calculations reveal that this molecularadsorption induces a local dipole at the graphene interface due to the rearrangement of the electron density distribution.

Xylem sap flow measurement is a key method to quantify plant water use and assess the responses to environmental conditions and climatic change. However, available methods are generally invasive and of limited portability. This paper presents a non-invasive approach called TIMFLOW that combines microwave heat pulse and infrared thermography, while having a high portability and versatility potential. The methodology was tested in laboratory conditions for black poplar (Populus nigra) stems of various diameters (10–45 mm) and for the known sap flow velocity range (10–100 cm h−1). The heat pulse was generated by microwaves with a power amplifier supplying a bi-quad antenna at 2.45 GHz frequency located near the stem. The scene was filmed using a relatively low-cost light and compact InfraRed (IR) thermography camera. A stem temperature map was used to determine the heat pulse propagation velocity. The calculated heat velocity was highly correlated with the applied flow velocity with a unique relationship regardless of the diameter. The latter result confirms the equation of Marshall (1958) which links the sap velocity to the heat velocity with a vessel fraction of around 25 % within samples. The feasibility of outdoor measurements was also successfully tested. The assumed potentials and limitations of the proposed methodology are discussed. In summary, the study demonstrates the concept and validates, in woody stems, this new methodology for non-invasive portable sap flow velocity measurement.

We explore a bioinspired approach to design tailored functionalized capillary electrophoresis (CE) surfaces based on covalent grafting for biomolecules analysis. First, the approach aims to overcome well‐known common obstacles in CE protein analysis affecting considerably the CE performance (asymmetry, resolution, and repeatability) such as the unspecific adsorption on fused silica surface and the lack of control of electroosmotic flow (EOF). Then, our approach, which relies on new amino‐amide mimic hybrid precursors synthesized by silylation of amino‐amides (Si–AA) derivatives with 3‐isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, aims to recapitulate the diversity of protein–protein interactions (π–π stacking, ionic, Van der Waals…) found in physiological condition (bioinspired approach) to improve the performance of CE protein analysis (electrochromatography). As a proof of concept, these silylated Si–AA (tyrosinamide silylation, serinamide silylation, argininamide silylation, leucinamide silylation, and isoglutamine silylation acid) have been covalently grafted in physiological conditions in different amount on bare fused silica capillary giving rise to a biomimetic coating and allowing both the modulation of EOF and protein–surface interactions. The analytical performances of amino‐amide functionalized capillaries were assessed using lysozyme, cytochrome C and ribonuclease A and compared to traditional capillary coatings poly(ethylene oxide), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), and sodium poly(styrenesulfonate). EOF, protein adsorption rate, protein retention factor k , and selectivity were determined for each coating. All results obtained showed this approach allowed to modulate the EOF, reduce unspecific adsorption, and generate specific interactions with proteins by varying the nature and the amount of Si–AA in the functionalization mixture.