Ref HAL: hal-01930044_v1
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32101-1_27
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Résumé:

One of the problems largely commented in the sol-gel science is how to make large bodies, because gels tend to crack during drying. The drying stresses are attributed to capillary phenomena and differential strain which result from a pressure gradient in the pore liquid. By the supercritical drying (SCD), the capillary stresses are eliminated and monolithic aerogel can be obtained. This chapter focuses on silica aerogel, the most studied aerogel. It presents an overview of the supercritical drying techniques, but also some of the remarkable aerogel properties (optical, mechanical, thermal and acoustical, etc.) with respect to its peculiar microstructure. The chapter briefly presents other kinds of aerogels (oxides and chalcogenideaerogels, composite aerogels, organic aerogels, etc.) and a panel of potential applications.